Conditional statements

Decision-making structures require that the programmer specify one or more conditions to be evaluated or tested by the program, along with a statement or statements to be executed if the condition is determined to be true, and optionally, other statements to be executed if the condition is determined to be false.

Following is the general from of a typical conditional (i.e., decision making) structure found in most of the programming languages:

Decision making statements in PL/SQL
PL/SQL programming language provides following types of decision-making statements. Click the following links to check their detail.

Statement Description
IF - THEN statement

The IF statement associates a condition with a sequence of statements enclosed by the keywords THEN and END IF. If the condition is true, the statements get executed and if the condition is false or NULL then the IF statement does nothing.
IF-THEN-ELSE statement

IF statement adds the keyword ELSE followed by an alternative sequence of statement. If the condition is false or NULL , then only the alternative sequence of statements get executed. It ensures that either of the sequence of statements is executed.
IF-THEN-ELSIF statement

It allows you to choose between several alternatives.
Case statement

Like the IF statement, the CASE statement selects one sequence of statements to execute.
However, to select the sequence, the CASE statement uses a selector rather than multiple Boolean expressions. A selector is an expression whose value is used to select one of several alternatives.
Searched CASE statement

The searched CASE statement has no selector, and it's WHEN clauses contain search conditions that yield Boolean values.
nested IF-THEN-ELSE

You can use one IF-THEN or IF-THEN-ELSIF statement inside another IF-THEN or IF-THEN-ELSIF statement(s).